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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
HAproxy is a mature and popular option for userspace loadbalancing under Linux (and similar operating systems). Its main (original) purpose is probably HTTP load balancing. | |||
In Open-Xchange installations, for loadbalancing (reverse proxying) user session HTTP traffic towards our middleware, we require Apache, for reasons of correct handling of HTTP sticky sessions. See the corresponding "Configure Services" sections in our | |||
[[AppSuite:Main_Page_Quickinstall#Quick_Installation_Guide|Quickinstall Guides]] for reference, [[AppSuite:Open-Xchange_Installation_Guide_for_CentOS_7#Configure_services|e.g. the CentOS version]]. | |||
Thus, in Open-Xchange installations HAproxy thus typically acts in other roles: | |||
* As front-level loadbalancer in front of the Apache instances (in enterprise installations, however, usually other software is employed for that purpose), or | |||
* As loadbalancer for connecting the OX middleware to the database (Galera) instances, or | |||
* As loadbalancer for connecting [[AppSuite:Dovecot_Antiabuse_Shield|OX Abuse Shield]] to Dovecot and App Suite | |||
We will cover in this article the latter two use cases. | |||
== Software Installation == | == Software Installation == | ||
This is generic for the different use cases and thus described generically here. | |||
HAproxy should be shipped with the distribution. | HAproxy should be shipped with the distribution. | ||
Wheezy note: haproxy is provided in wheezy-backports, see http://haproxy.debian.net/ | Historical Wheezy note: haproxy is provided in wheezy-backports, see http://haproxy.debian.net/. More recent (Debian) distributions don't need this extra repo and provide it with their native repos. | ||
# yum install haproxy | |||
# apt-get install haproxy | |||
== HAproxy for OX Abuse Shield == | |||
In the following we present a configuration which was feedbacked to us from a large customer installation. (Thanks a lot!) | |||
Crucial are the following aspects: | |||
* Detect capacity issues on the wforce backends to be resilient to DOS attacks | |||
* In case of capacity issues, just do a HTTP deny. It makes no sense to use some cross-datacenter routing (if multiple datacenters are available) as the latency combined with the query volume makes this less then ideal. A tiny amount of unanswered calls is fine, and doesn't affect the auth process or user experience. | |||
* Timeouts are such that HAproxy's timeout (35 msecs(!)) is smaller than the corresponding wforce service consumer timeout (e.g. <code>dovecot</code>: <code>auth_policy_server_timeout_msecs</code> would get a corresponding value of 100 msecs). In this way timeouts are a little more often, but graceful and have little to no impact on user experience. | |||
=== Configuration === | |||
frontend wforce :8084 | |||
mode http | |||
# detect capacity issues in wforce backend | |||
acl local_wforce_not_enough_capacity nbsrv(wforce_backend_primary) lt 2 | |||
# deny request if primary backend doesn't have capacity | |||
http-request deny if local_wforce_not_enough_capacity | |||
default_backend wforce_backend_primary | |||
backend wforce_backend_primary | |||
balance leastconn | |||
mode http | |||
timeout connect 35 | |||
timeout server 30s | |||
timeout check 0 | |||
option httpchk GET /?command=ping HTTP/1.0\r\nAuthorization:\ Basic\ --redacted-- | |||
option http-keep-alive | |||
server wforce-01.example.net 192.168.0.1:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3 | |||
server wforce-02.example.net 192.168.0.2:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3 | |||
server wforce-03.example.net 192.168.0.3:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3 | |||
== HAproxy for Galera Loadbalancing == | |||
HAproxy is one of the options to use for [[OXLoadBalancingClustering_Database#Galera_database_setup|Galera]] loadbalancing. Please consider reading through [[OXLoadBalancingClustering_Database#Loadbalancer_options|the available options]] before deciding for one solution. | |||
== | === System Design === | ||
The following is a HAproxy configuration file, assuming the Galera nodes have the IPs | We present a solution where each OX node runs a HAproxy instance. This way we can implement a solution without the need for additional loadbalancer (virtual) machines. | ||
We create two HAproxy "listener", one round-robin for the read requests, one active/passive for the write requests. | |||
=== Configuration === | |||
The following is a HAproxy configuration file <code>/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg</code>, assuming the Galera nodes have the IPs 10.0.0.1..3. | |||
global | global | ||
Line 57: | Line 104: | ||
mode tcp | mode tcp | ||
balance roundrobin | balance roundrobin | ||
option httpchk | option httpchk GET / | ||
server | server db1 10.0.0.1:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 | ||
server | server db2 10.0.0.2:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 | ||
server | server db3 10.0.0.3:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 | ||
listen mysql-write | listen mysql-write | ||
Line 66: | Line 113: | ||
mode tcp | mode tcp | ||
balance roundrobin | balance roundrobin | ||
option httpchk | option httpchk GET /master | ||
server | # maybe be more prudent with the master for the fall parameter | ||
server | server db1 10.0.0.1:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 | ||
server | server db2 10.0.0.2:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 | ||
server db3 10.0.0.3:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 | |||
# | # | ||
Line 83: | Line 131: | ||
# stats auth user:pass | # stats auth user:pass | ||
Note 1: the timeout options may seem exaggerated high, but they are required to ensure that it is not the loadbalancer shutting down MySQL connections while the systems still use it. Cf. <code>configdb.properties</code>: | |||
# Maximum time in milliseconds a connection will be used. After this time | |||
# the connection get closed. | |||
maxLifeTime=600000 | |||
We got a default of 10 minutes, so allowing for some extra time to allow running queries to finish plus some overhead, 20 minutes look like a reasonable value for the connection timeout here. | |||
Note 2: If you are configuring a dedicated loadbalancer node which should loadbalancer for other clients on the network (rather than a distributed / colocated HAproxy instance which should only serve for localhost) change the <code>bind</code> parameters accordingly. | |||
=== Health check service === | |||
As you can see we use the <code>httpchk</code> option, so we assume a health check service to be available. Please have a look at the [[Clustercheck]] page how to configure such a service. Please be aware that we assume you use our customized, improved [[Clustercheck|<code>clustercheck</code>]] script, so please don't use the standard one. | |||
'' | Contrary to other setup instructions which recommend to configure one node as ''regular'' node and the other two ones as <code>backup</code> nodes, we recommend to leverage a health check which declares only the node with <code>wsrep_local_index=0</code> as available. This way we ensure that even in corner cases, multiple distributed HAproxy instances can not end up with declaring different nodes as designated write nodes, which [[OXLoadBalancingClustering_Database#Write_requests|would be problematic]]. | ||
=== Monitoring === | |||
Besided using the Galera check service configured before, you can also speak to the stats socket of HAproxy using <code>socat</code>. | |||
# echo "show stat" | socat unix-connect:/var/lib/haproxy/stats stdio | |||
The output is a CSV with long lines unsuitable for pasting here. Please test on your own. | |||
There are more commands available via this socket to enable / disable servers; see the haproxy documentation for details. (As of writing that documentation could be found here: http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#9.2 that URL seems unstable.) | There are more commands available via this socket to enable / disable servers; see the haproxy documentation for details. (As of writing that documentation could be found here: http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#9.2 that URL seems unstable.) |
Latest revision as of 06:04, 28 July 2020
HAproxy Loadbalancer
Introduction
HAproxy is a mature and popular option for userspace loadbalancing under Linux (and similar operating systems). Its main (original) purpose is probably HTTP load balancing.
In Open-Xchange installations, for loadbalancing (reverse proxying) user session HTTP traffic towards our middleware, we require Apache, for reasons of correct handling of HTTP sticky sessions. See the corresponding "Configure Services" sections in our Quickinstall Guides for reference, e.g. the CentOS version.
Thus, in Open-Xchange installations HAproxy thus typically acts in other roles:
- As front-level loadbalancer in front of the Apache instances (in enterprise installations, however, usually other software is employed for that purpose), or
- As loadbalancer for connecting the OX middleware to the database (Galera) instances, or
- As loadbalancer for connecting OX Abuse Shield to Dovecot and App Suite
We will cover in this article the latter two use cases.
Software Installation
This is generic for the different use cases and thus described generically here.
HAproxy should be shipped with the distribution.
Historical Wheezy note: haproxy is provided in wheezy-backports, see http://haproxy.debian.net/. More recent (Debian) distributions don't need this extra repo and provide it with their native repos.
# yum install haproxy # apt-get install haproxy
HAproxy for OX Abuse Shield
In the following we present a configuration which was feedbacked to us from a large customer installation. (Thanks a lot!)
Crucial are the following aspects:
- Detect capacity issues on the wforce backends to be resilient to DOS attacks
- In case of capacity issues, just do a HTTP deny. It makes no sense to use some cross-datacenter routing (if multiple datacenters are available) as the latency combined with the query volume makes this less then ideal. A tiny amount of unanswered calls is fine, and doesn't affect the auth process or user experience.
- Timeouts are such that HAproxy's timeout (35 msecs(!)) is smaller than the corresponding wforce service consumer timeout (e.g.
dovecot
:auth_policy_server_timeout_msecs
would get a corresponding value of 100 msecs). In this way timeouts are a little more often, but graceful and have little to no impact on user experience.
Configuration
frontend wforce :8084 mode http # detect capacity issues in wforce backend acl local_wforce_not_enough_capacity nbsrv(wforce_backend_primary) lt 2 # deny request if primary backend doesn't have capacity http-request deny if local_wforce_not_enough_capacity default_backend wforce_backend_primary backend wforce_backend_primary balance leastconn mode http timeout connect 35 timeout server 30s timeout check 0 option httpchk GET /?command=ping HTTP/1.0\r\nAuthorization:\ Basic\ --redacted-- option http-keep-alive server wforce-01.example.net 192.168.0.1:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3 server wforce-02.example.net 192.168.0.2:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3 server wforce-03.example.net 192.168.0.3:8084 weight 10 check inter 5000 fall 5 rise 3
HAproxy for Galera Loadbalancing
HAproxy is one of the options to use for Galera loadbalancing. Please consider reading through the available options before deciding for one solution.
System Design
We present a solution where each OX node runs a HAproxy instance. This way we can implement a solution without the need for additional loadbalancer (virtual) machines.
We create two HAproxy "listener", one round-robin for the read requests, one active/passive for the write requests.
Configuration
The following is a HAproxy configuration file /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
, assuming the Galera nodes have the IPs 10.0.0.1..3.
global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice user haproxy group haproxy # this is not recommended by the haproxy authors, but seems to improve performance for me #nbproc 4 maxconn 256000 spread-checks 5 daemon stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats defaults log global retries 3 maxconn 256000 timeout connect 60000 timeout client 20m timeout server 20m option dontlognull option redispatch # the http options are not needed here # but may be reasonable if you use haproxy also for some OX HTTP proxying mode http no option httpclose listen mysql-read bind 127.0.0.1:3306 mode tcp balance roundrobin option httpchk GET / server db1 10.0.0.1:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 server db2 10.0.0.2:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 server db3 10.0.0.3:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 3 listen mysql-write bind 127.0.0.1:3307 mode tcp balance roundrobin option httpchk GET /master # maybe be more prudent with the master for the fall parameter server db1 10.0.0.1:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 server db2 10.0.0.2:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 server db3 10.0.0.3:3306 check port 9200 inter 6000 rise 3 fall 1 # # can configure a stats interface here, but if you do so, # change the username / password # #listen stats # bind 0.0.0.0:8080 # mode http # stats enable # stats uri / # stats realm Strictly\ Private # stats auth user:pass
Note 1: the timeout options may seem exaggerated high, but they are required to ensure that it is not the loadbalancer shutting down MySQL connections while the systems still use it. Cf. configdb.properties
:
# Maximum time in milliseconds a connection will be used. After this time # the connection get closed. maxLifeTime=600000
We got a default of 10 minutes, so allowing for some extra time to allow running queries to finish plus some overhead, 20 minutes look like a reasonable value for the connection timeout here.
Note 2: If you are configuring a dedicated loadbalancer node which should loadbalancer for other clients on the network (rather than a distributed / colocated HAproxy instance which should only serve for localhost) change the bind
parameters accordingly.
Health check service
As you can see we use the httpchk
option, so we assume a health check service to be available. Please have a look at the Clustercheck page how to configure such a service. Please be aware that we assume you use our customized, improved clustercheck
script, so please don't use the standard one.
Contrary to other setup instructions which recommend to configure one node as regular node and the other two ones as backup
nodes, we recommend to leverage a health check which declares only the node with wsrep_local_index=0
as available. This way we ensure that even in corner cases, multiple distributed HAproxy instances can not end up with declaring different nodes as designated write nodes, which would be problematic.
Monitoring
Besided using the Galera check service configured before, you can also speak to the stats socket of HAproxy using socat
.
# echo "show stat" | socat unix-connect:/var/lib/haproxy/stats stdio
The output is a CSV with long lines unsuitable for pasting here. Please test on your own.
There are more commands available via this socket to enable / disable servers; see the haproxy documentation for details. (As of writing that documentation could be found here: http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#9.2 that URL seems unstable.)